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The Role of CTLA-4 and PD-1/ PD-L1 Pathways

Normal cells limit damage to healthy tissue

Inactivation of T cells limits damage to healthy tissue.

Tumor cell escapes detection

Blocking CTLA-4 contributes to an increase in anti-tumor immune response.

CTLA-4 therapy augments T cell activation and proliferation

Blocking CTLA-4 contributes to an increase in anti-tumor immune response.

PD-1 therapies harness the immune response to fight tumors

Blocking PD-1 enables cytotoxic T cells to actively remove tumor cells.

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